Relevant, evidence based, and practical information for medical students, residents, and practicing healthcare providers regarding all things women’s healthcare! This podcast is intended to be clinically relevant, engaging, and FUN, because medical education should NOT be boring! Welcome...to Clinical Pearls.
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In November's Green Journal, Drs Amy Valent and Linda Barbour will publish their Clinical Expert Series (CES) on insulin management in GDM and Type 2 DM in pregnancy. This is a FANTASTIC document and is our subject matter in this episode. Here, we will give clinical pearls for insulin initiation in pregnancy based on 3 regimens (NPH/Reg; NPH/RAAs; …
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The relationship between hormonal birth control and sexual orientation has been a topic on social media channels and threads; it is a discussion of controversy. It is essential to clarify that the hormonal birth control pill itself does not determine or change an individual's sexual orientation. While there is evidence to suggest that hormonal birt…
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Early pregnancy failure (EPF), pregnancy loss in the first trimester, is a common pregnancy complication, with 15 to 20% of clinically recognized pregnancies ending in the first trimester. It is not uncommon for women with one or more cesarean sections, or myomectomies, to present with EPF. Options for treatment of early pregnancy failure include e…
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The SMFM, ACOG and RCOG all recommend screening for Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome (APS) in women with Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL). However, once identified, there has been controversy historically regarding the best TIME to initiate low dose aspirin and prophylactic LMWH. The main controversy regarding this is whether to begin treatment bef…
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Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS): Yep, this is definitely an issue and has been in recent print. This was just covered in an expert commentary in J Gastroenterology in May 2024, and CMS was featured as a JAMA Patient Page on October 10, 2024 in JAMA Network. PLUS, we actually covered this back in Feb 10th, 2020! Yep…M-O-R-E information just k…
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Dehydration Causes OB Contractions? YES, and NO.
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Proper hydration is important for physiology whether male or female, and if female… hydration in pregnancy is important for proper uterine blood flow and proper amniotic fluid production. Interestingly, water recommendations do not specify differential water needs or hydration status recommendations by pregnancy month or trimester, nor do they take…
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Dupixent Use in Pregnancy: Sept 2024 Data
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Eczema is also known as a form of Atopic Dermatitis (AD). Males and females are not equally affected by AD, and studies have shown that AD is more common among males during infancy and childhood. However, around puberty, there is a shift towards more females than males having AD and this female predominance continues into adulthood. Eczema can impa…
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Pump the Brakes on "ROUTINE" IV Fluids in Labor (SMFM ALERT)
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Hurricane Helene has caused massive devastation for a part of the US, and now we are bracing again for Milton, set to affect Florida within the next 24 hours. Baxter, one of the country's leading manufactures for IV fluid bags has closed its plant for an unknown amount of time as it was affected by Helene. On October 4, 2024, the SMFM released a ne…
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The Pregnancy “One-Stop Shop”: Screen for BRCA1? HPV Vacc PP?
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BRCA1 mutations dramatically increase the lifetime risk of breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and other cancers, yet most BRCA1-positive patients are not identified until after they have been diagnosed with cancer. At prenatal visits, women often undergo obstetrical prenatal carrier screening that can identify hundreds of genetic mutations which can be p…
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Podcast family, this episode comes to you NOT FROM THE STUDI, but was recorded LIVE at the ACOG Annual District Meeting (District XI in Texas). This episode is a "lil convo" with Dr. Stella Dantas, our current ACOG President. This is a brief, light-hearted, yet POWERFUL message to encourage you, lighten your day, and make you smile. PLUS, Dr. Danta…
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Bed Rest for FGR? Surprising 2024 Data
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The ACOG defines Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) as fetuses with an estimated fetal weight or abdominal circumference that is less than the 10th percentile for gestational age. Currently, the ACOG, SMFM, FIGO, and the ISUOG do not recommend maternal bed rest for this condition. However, a recent publication from the AJOG (May 2024) concluded that st…
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Use 130/80 Cut-off in OB? Depends! (CHIP, CHAP, & CLIP).
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In the ACOG practice bulletin 203, the ACOG states that, “Traditionally, the diagnosis of hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy has been 140/90, on 2 occasions at least 4 hrs apart“. The keyword there is… “Traditionally”. In 2017, the ACC/AHA redefined hypertension with Stage I HTN being 130/80. Do some societies recommend the use of this lowered blood p…
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Dysphoric Milk Ejection Reflex (D-MER) is an abrupt emotional "drop" that occurs in some women just before milk release and continues for not more than a few minutes. Although research is still evolving, one study Published in 2019 (Breastfeeding Medicine) states that up to 9% of breastfeeding women may experience dysphoric milk ejection, although …
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Podcast Family, every once in a while we need a little reminder that we are all wired for community. Despite differences in geographic locations, cultures, and family history, we really do have a lot in common. In this episode, I'll share with you 3 examples which prove that we really do live in a very small world. I hope this brings a smile to you…
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The LNG-IUS has been on the U.S. market since 2001. Since 2005, there have been several studies examining the association (if any) of LNG-IUS users and the diagnosis of breast cancers. This is a controversial and conflicting story. In this episode, we will highlight a soon to be released publication (OCT 2024) from the AJOG looking into this relati…
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Labor Hacks? Pit Breaks, Propranolol, & Calcium
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We all what to win in life, right? That’s why we have life hacks…to beat the system. Sometimes those tricks are tremendously successful while some other random hack can be- well, just WACK. Such is the case for LABOR HACKS! We all want our inductions and augmentations of labor to be successful, and there have been some labor hacks promoted througho…
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New Meta-Analysis on Immediate PP GTT (Sept 19, 2024)
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On May 22, 2024, we summarized a then soon-to-be-released ACOG CPU on Screening for GDM in Pregnancy and Postpartum. That CPU was officially released July 2024. That update endorsed the possibility of immediate postpartum GTT testing with a 75-gram OGTT. Now, on September 19, 2024, authors from UT Houston have published a systematic review/meta-ana…
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Magnesium Sulfate for preeclampisa can be traced back to the work of Horn in 1906! Yet, despite such a long history of use, there are still questions about mag sulfate use that we just don’t have good answers for, and that’s indicative of the all the continued articles and commentaries on the subject that are still being released. For example, ther…
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Filet Mignon, Pork Loin, Rib-Eye….all delicious (unless you are vegetarian)! If you are a meat- eater, be aware of AGS. Alpha-gal syndrome (AGS), also known as Red Meat Allergy, is a potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can occur after a tick bite from a Lone Star tick or other tick species. While clustering within the US, Alpha-gal …
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NEW SPECIAL REPORT: FDA SAFETY NOTICE for Veozah
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Today, 9/12/24, the FDA released a SAFETY COMMUNICATION regarding Veozah. As you may recall, we have been following this novel medication since March 2023. This episode is NOT our regularly planned episode- that topic will come out as scheduled tomorrow AM 9/13/24! This is a SPECIAL REPORT episode in response to the FDA's communication released tod…
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New CPU from ACOG (9/10/24): RH IG Under 12 weeks
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Back in January 2024, we summarized the SFP's position statement on RH IG use (or rather non-use) under 12 weeks IUP gestations. Then, in February 2024, we released an episode summarizing the more conservative stance from the SMFM. Well now, 7 months after that episode, we have a new Clinical Practice Update from the ACOG on this very issue. That i…
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ONE MORE Random Question/Specific Answer: ABX with Bakri?
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In our last episode we tackled random questions with specific answers. After that episode went live, one of our nurses asked about the value of antibiotics with a Bakri balloon in place. This conversation happened as we were placing the balloon for PPH in a patient on Mag-Sulfate for Preeclampsia with Severe Features. That's antibiotic question is …
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Welcome to this episode of "Random Questions: Specific Answers"! In this episode we will (surprise) answer random questions- with specific answers- from our podcast family members: 1. Can administration of IV Calcium at intrapartum CS reduce QBL?, 2. What are the 4 classes of CS performance urgency? and 3. If a normal MVP for amniotic fluid is 2-8c…
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The REFEREE: MORE SSRI and PTB Info (Sept 2024)
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on 09/02/2024, we released an episode called, "Do SSRIs Raise PTB Risk?". In that episode, we highlighted a new publication from the AJOG (August 30. 2024) which indicated that SSRIs may raise PTB risk. This is in contrast to a separate cohort study released Feb 2024. This is a classic case of "He Said, She Said". But now we have a REFEREE on the f…
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Failure Rates S/P Tubal Sterilization: NOT What we Thought.
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Tubal sterilization goes back to the 1880s. The first collaborative review of sterilization effectiveness was the CREST study published in 1996 in the AJOG. But that was with prior sterilization techniques. As a way to update the data researchers looked at the national survey for family growth (NSFG) from 2002 to 2015 to determine failure rates aft…
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Depressive disorders during pregnancy are common, with estimated prevalence ranging from 11% to 16%. Accordingly, antidepressant drugs, most commonly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), are used by approximately 3–4% of pregnant women worldwide, with a higher prevalence in the United States compared to Europe. As antidepressants cross t…
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Just when we thought we had put coronavirus in our rearview mirror for the most part, here comes mPOX again. We covered that in a previous episode. Unfortunately, that is not the only pathogen to be concerned about. Enter: OROPOUCHE VIRUS (OROV). This virus was first reported in 1955, but it is making news today due to a rapid increase in cases. Co…
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“New” Info on PCOS: Name Change? OB Implications?
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) was first described in 1935 by Irving Freiler Stein and Michael Leo Leventhal at the Central Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Since that time, it has gone through several name changes: Stein-Leventhal syndrome, PCOD, and currently PCOS. Nonetheless, proponents and scientists are still recommending yet…
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BRAND NEW Lexicon for 1st Trimester US (08/27/24)!
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Our immediate past episode focused on the “C-section scar pregnancy”. In that episode we discussed the ultrasound markers of early pregnancy (first trimester). Now – today – HOT 🔥🔥OFF THE PRESS- is a new publication in the AJOG, which is “A Lexicon For First Trimester US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Recommendations“. …
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Cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) occurs when an early pregnancy implants on the cesarean scar defect (CSD), myometrial tissue previously disrupted by cesarean delivery. The first case of CSP was reported in 1978 in a patient with a previous cesarean section (CS) who had heavy bleeding and abdominal pain after uterine curettage for a suspected miscarri…
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(DISCLOSURE: Sexual Content) Back in April 2023, we released an episode on the “Jade Vaginal Egg” and vaginal weights for vaginal tightening. While we tackled the Jade Egg successfully, we now have a new player on the field: the VAGINAL TIGHTENING STICK. This over the counter “sex aid” can lead to chemical burns and severe vaginal dryness/agglutina…
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The “Broken” IUD: Detection and Clinical Management
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The IUD is a very safe and supremely effective contraceptive method. Given its increasing rate of use, practitioners are bound to see its relatively infrequent complications with greater regularity. Typical complications are considered “lost strings“, uterine perforation at placement, and expulsion. But there is another complication, device FRACTUR…
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Umbilical Cord Gases: What, Why, When?
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In 1958, James et al. first described umbilical cord blood gas analysis to evaluate the fetus's metabolic condition at the time of delivery. It's recommended by both the British and American Colleges of Obstetrics and Gynecology for all high-risk deliveries. Cord blood gas provides the most accurate and objective evidence of fetal acidosis at the t…
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FDA HPV Self-Swab Ready Aug 15, '24: NOT FOR HOME (Listen for Details)
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According to the National Institutes of Health, almost 13,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer each year, resulting in around 4,000 deaths, with most of the deaths occurring among under-screened women. Now, there is potentially a barrier-breaker. As of August 15, 2024, self-collection kits for cervical cancer screening …
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NEW Syphilis At-Home Test: Promises and Problems
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The rise of home testing for STIs/HIV started long before the recent pandemic (the FDA approved its first HIV home test collection kit way back in 1996), but COVID-19 seems to have accelerated the popularity of getting tested from the comfort of our homes. In Nov 2023, the Food and Drug Administration granted marketing authorization, the first of i…
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The World Health Organization declared on 8/14/24 that the increasing spread of Mpox in Africa is a global health emergency, warning the virus might ultimately spill across international borders. Mpox, also known as monkeypox, was first identified by scientists in 1958 when there were outbreaks of a “pox-like” disease in monkeys. Until recently, mo…
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Boar’s Head, Listeria, and Pregnancy
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On July 26, 2024, Boar’s Head issued its recall of 7 million pounds of ready-to-eat meat and poultry products that might be contaminated with the potential harmful bacteria, listeria. Sporadic listeria outbreaks are nothing new; in June 2024, chicken-based products were recalled for the same concern in Canada. The US recall includes more than 70 pr…
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New Way to Reduce HDFN?: Enter, Nipocalimab
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Our tagline, “Medicine moves fast“, is the absolute truth! Historically, identification of fetuses at risk of hemolytic disease of the fetus/newborn (HDFN) required amniocentesis for determination of the Delta OD450, Liley Curve. This was the first screen, which would then trigger cordocentesis for determination of the fetal hematocrit. We’ve now m…
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The Return to LT-O-Whole Blood (LTOWB) for OB Transfusion
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Prior to the 1970s, when component therapy became the preferred method of resuscitation, whole blood (WB) was the resuscitative medium of choice for hemorrhagic shock. In modern medicine, sometimes it turns out that the old way is better than the new…and using whole blood for transfusions is one example. Research is emerging that shows whole blood …
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2024 CDC MEC UPDATE! HOT OFF THE PRESS!
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MEC CHANGES ARE HERE! During January 2022, the CDC held virtual scoping meetings that included 27 participants with expertise in contraception, adolescent health, and thrombosis, as well as representatives from partner organizations, to solicit their individual input on the scope for updating both the 2016 U.S. MEC. The 27 invited participants repr…
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New Non-Estrogen Medication for Hot Flashes? Veozah's Competitor
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In May 2023, the FDA approved fezolinetant (Veozah), an oral medication that's the first neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist to treat moderate to severe hot flashes caused by menopause. Now, a separate oral medication which blocks the NK 1 and 3 receptor iis on the scene. Although not yet FDA approved, the published phase 1, 2, and 3 data make t…
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Antepartum AI for Stillbirth Prevention
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has arrived. Machine Learningis a form of AI which is being investigated/used for improving maternal outcomes. The UK has already launched the TOMMY APP (through the RCOG) for use to reduce PTB and stillbirths in the UK. In this episode we will highlight a new systematic review which assessed Machine Learning’s ability …
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We all are aware that multiple adverse obstetrical outcomes have been linked to maternal obesity, such as stillbirth, preterm birth, NICUs admission, and congenital anomalies. But once delivery and hospital discharge occurs uneventfully, a new cohort study is raising the alarm for another possible adverse event up until the child’s first year of li…
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NEW Clinical Practice Update (Aug 2024)
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Our immediate past episode summarized a validation study of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) isolated from maternal plasma for fetal RBC genotyping in alloimmunized patients. And now, in this episode, we will highlight a BRAND NEW ACOG Clinical Practice Update on this very subject! YEP... we now have new ACOG guidance regarding using maternal derived cfDNA fo…
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cfDNA Fetal RBC Genotyping in Alloimmunized Pregnancies: July 2024 NEW DATA
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In September 2022, a cell-free DNA assay using next-generation sequencing and quantitative counting tech for fetal antigen status determination became clinically available in the USA. This allowed maternal screening for fetal RBC genotypes for RH negative patients. This test was recognized by thre ACOG in March 2024 as one option to “triage” anti-D…
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Skyrocketing Sex Strangulation Rates: The Alert
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First off, let’s all agree that everyone has a different STYLE of sexual intimacy, and that’s OK. Yep, we all understand that there's always been a lot of sexual act “diversity” in the world… and throughout history. But there is a more recent trend that has increased in popularity, some surveys attribute it to its representation in pornography, tha…
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Candida as IAI & Perinatal Sepsis? YES.
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Candida in women is being right? Afterall, vulvovaginal candidiasis during pregnancy is common. Candida species may be isolated from the vagina of 15 %-21% of nonpregnant women; this rate increases to 30% during pregnancy. While it is generally benign and isolated to the vagina clinically, some Candida species have the capacity to be troublemakers.…
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Biomarker testing has arrived in Obstetrics. Of course, we have been using some biomarkers for years, like PAMG1 (Amnisure) and AFP+ILGFBP1 (ROM Plus) for ROM evaluation. In May 2023, the FDA cleared Thermo Fisher Scientific's maternal serum biomarker test for prediction of preeclampsia with severe features in hospitalized patients (and we have a p…
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Sequential CX Ripening: Which Should Be First?
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Published studies, including 2 large network meta-analyses, support the safety and efficacy of misoprostol (PG E1) when used for cervical ripening and labor induction. Based on cumulative data, misoprostol administered vaginally at doses of 50 μg has the highest probability of achieving vaginal delivery within 24 hours. Prostaglandin E2 also has pr…
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Tuberculosis (TB) was historically called "consumption" due to the dramatic weight loss and wasting away experienced by patients. The modern name "tuberculosis" was first published by J. L. Schönlein in 1832. Today, between 3% and 5% of the U.S. population are estimated to be living with latent TB infection. Contrast that with the worldwide statist…
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