A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project.
…
continue reading
A comprehensive narrative history of Cambodia, focusing on the Khmer Rouge and the Pol Pot regime, utilising extensive research and interviews with historians.
…
continue reading
Political, economic and social commentary on topics of interest to the United States of America and the world. Hosted by Ewan Lillicii.
…
continue reading
Utopian AF is a podcast that examines different areas of our society to answer the question...how can we do better? From serious topics such as crime and punishment to more light-hearted topics such as pet ownership and entertainment, our goal is to leave no stone unturned. New episodes every Wednesday.
…
continue reading
We intend to inspire you to choose change and build a happier life.
…
continue reading
1
Utopian After-Hours | Episode 002
1:07:31
1:07:31
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:07:31
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S07 Ep02 - TOO SOON TO JOKE! - The Utopia Project
2:13:58
2:13:58
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:13:58
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
Utopian After-Hours | Episode 001
1:48:31
1:48:31
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:48:31
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S07 Ep01 - SAUCE FOUNTAIN! - The Utopia Project
2:17:51
2:17:51
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:17:51
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep32.5 - TALTOPIA! (Back Next Week!) - The Utopia Project
1:59
1:59
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:59
Chunk got poorly this week and we had to miss a recording session! Back next week with a new and improved show as we enter Season 7! New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon: https://https://www.patreon.com/UtopiaprojectpodFollow/Like us elsewhere:https://www.facebook.com/utopiaprojectpodh…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep32 - SCOTT from FRESH KICKS! - The Utopia Project
2:05:25
2:05:25
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:05:25
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep31 - SEMI-NIPS! - The Utopia Project
1:14:31
1:14:31
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:14:31
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep30 - WHO'S BLOKE IS THAT?! - The Utopia Project
1:48:36
1:48:36
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:48:36
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep29 - KNOW IT AL - The Utopia Project
1:54:22
1:54:22
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:54:22
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep28 - FLUFFY WOODPECKER - The Utopia Project
1:36:59
1:36:59
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:36:59
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep27 - KENNY of PAULO'S CIRCUS - The Utopia Project
2:24:25
2:24:25
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:24:25
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep26 - WHEN ADHD WINS - The Utopia Project
1:40:49
1:40:49
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:40:49
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S2 Ep27: Bonus Episode: "Prisoners of Class" with Matt Madden
1:18:17
1:18:17
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:18:17
Lachlan sits down with Matt Madden, translator of Chan Samoeun’s Prisoners of Class. The book, having been recently released in English for the first time, is an amazing example of a Khmer Rouge survivor memoir. They discuss Matt’s journey in finding the original book, meeting the author and translating it over many years. The book itself, includin…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep25 - DRYROBE MUMMY - The Utopia Project
2:04:11
2:04:11
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:04:11
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep24 - BEEN TAILORFIED - The Utopia Project
1:50:26
1:50:26
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:50:26
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep23 - CAPTAIN MUSHTACHE - The Utopia Project
2:21:58
2:21:58
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:21:58
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep22 - RUBY ROSE (@Rapunzel_Oreo) - The Utopia Project
2:04:13
2:04:13
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:04:13
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep21 - ROBBIE DOWDALL (Vice & Co.) - The Utopia Project
2:00:37
2:00:37
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:00:37
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep20 - COUNCIL POP - The Utopia Project
1:25:25
1:25:25
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:25:25
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep19 - VITAMIN DIESEL - The Utopia Project
1:36:36
1:36:36
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:36:36
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
What did the Tet offensive achieve? How was the Battle of Hue waged? Why were almost 3000 people murdered by the Viet Cong? Time Period Covered 1968 This episode covers the Tet Offensive of early 1968. Lachlan links the media coverage of the event, with the extreme scenes in Saigon, to the reality of the offensive and what the communists hoped to a…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep18 - HAPPY HAPPY CHUNKY DAY - The Utopia Project
1:35:58
1:35:58
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:35:58
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep17 - RUPERT TYRER! (CARRY THE CROWN) - The Utopia Project
2:17:56
2:17:56
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:17:56
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep16 - RICKY LOCKE! - The Utopia Project
2:35:49
2:35:49
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:35:49
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep15 - BIG FAT QUIZ OF THE YEAR! - The Utopia Project
1:57:52
1:57:52
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:57:52
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep14 - ULTIMATE NEW YEAR! - The Utopia Project
1:54:47
1:54:47
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:54:47
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep13 - ULTIMATE CHRISTMAS! - The Utopia Project
2:16:07
2:16:07
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:16:07
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep12 - ALEX BAGGY! - The Utopia Project
2:22:00
2:22:00
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:22:00
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep11 - BASKET W**KER! - The Utopia Project
1:45:30
1:45:30
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:45:30
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep10 - JESUS TAKE THE WHEEL! - The Utopia Project
1:03:47
1:03:47
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:03:47
A comedy podcast involving 3 friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project!New episode every Week!Get merch & Exclusive Content: https://www.tuppod.com/supportJoin our Patreon:…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep09 - LIQUID DEATH! - The Utopia Project
1:41:12
1:41:12
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:41:12
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S2 Ep25: The Cambodian Civil War Begins - Part Two: A Revolution Waged With Empty Hands
1:51:45
1:51:45
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:51:45
How did the CPK develop their plan to genuinely start a war in Cambodia? Why did Sihanouk seek rapprochment with the United States? How did the bombing of Cambodia begin? Time Period Covered 1967-1968 January 1968 will prove to be a pivotal month for the Vietnamese, Cambodian and American interests in the war. This episode details how the Cambodian…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep08 - JIMMY THE GENT! With Co-Host Corey Jaye Hall - The Utopia Project
1:55:06
1:55:06
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:55:06
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Spotify & Youtube! Su…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep07 - PIZZA DATE! With Co-Host Corey Jaye Hall - The Utopia Project
1:40:47
1:40:47
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:40:47
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Spotify & Youtube! Su…
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep06 - IN-JOKES! - The Utopia Project
1:18:13
1:18:13
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:18:13
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep05 - THE WORST DAY! - The Utopia Project
2:13:22
2:13:22
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:13:22
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep04 - SAM HARRISON! - The Utopia Project
2:11:47
2:11:47
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:11:47
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep03 - THE WIDTH OF BEANS! - The Utopia Project
1:46:09
1:46:09
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:46:09
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep02 - SHART ATTACK! - The Utopia Project
1:37:56
1:37:56
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:37:56
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S06 Ep01 - CREEPY CRAWLERS! - The Utopia Project
1:28:10
1:28:10
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:28:10
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support …
…
continue reading
1
S2 Ep24: Mao's Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
1:11:03
1:11:03
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:11:03
What led to Mao's launching of a 'cultural revolution' in the People's Republic? What were the aims of this movement? Why did perhaps a million people die at the hands of their countrymen in less than four years? Time Period Covered 1964 - 1969 In what could be considered a belated "Part Two" to the episode introducing Maoism and the Great Leap For…
…
continue reading
Get yourself over to Patreon now and for as little as £3 (Basically a Kinder bueno for each of us) you can get this tasty special episode along with an extra episode every week and 48 hr early access to all our public episodes! www.supportutopia.com
…
continue reading
Get yourself over to Patreon now and for as little as £3 (Basically a Kinder bueno for each of us) you can get this tasty special episode along with an extra episode every week and 48 hr early access to all our public episodes! www.supportutopia.com
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep29 - THE END GAME! - The Utopia Project
2:09:30
2:09:30
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:09:30
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support th…
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep28 - VOORNY! - The Utopia Project
2:39:44
2:39:44
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:39:44
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support the …
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep27 - WHOOOGLY GOOOOOOGLY! - The Utopia Project
1:50:17
1:50:17
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:50:17
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms on Youtube! Support the podcast w…
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep26 - ANONYMOUS COMPLAINTS - The Utopia Project
1:55:35
1:55:35
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:55:35
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support the …
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep25 - COREY JAYE HALL - The Utopia Project
2:05:57
2:05:57
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
2:05:57
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & visually on Youtube! Support the …
…
continue reading
1
S05 Ep24 - Too Much Hassleback! - The Utopia Project
1:33:16
1:33:16
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
1:33:16
A cheeky show involving 3 best friends on a mission to try and build a hypothetical utopian planet, free from all the mild annoyances and gripes of real life. Come on a journey with us as we chew the fat and lay the groundworks for The Utopia Project! New Episode every Thursday! Available on all podcast platforms & Youtube! Support the podcast with…
…
continue reading
1
S2: Bonus Episode: "Son Ngoc Thanh, a Khmer Nationalist" with Matthew Jagel
51:15
51:15
Na później
Na później
Listy
Polub
Polubione
51:15
Special guest Matthew Jagel joins Lachlan to talk about his new book: Khmer Nationalist. The book is an exploration of Cambodian history using Son Ngoc Thanh as the central focus, and they join up to talk about Cambodian nationalism, the influence of Imperial Japan, Sihanouk's antagonism, the Khmer Serei and the CIA. Visit https://www.cornellpress.…
…
continue reading