Using Random Numbers with Arduino

Learn Programming and Electronics with Arduino

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Dodano eight lat temu

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Understanding the Elegant Math Behind Modern Machine Learning 1:14:43

10 dni temu1:14:43

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1:14:43

Artificial intelligence is evolving at an unprecedented pace—what does that mean for the future of technology, venture capital, business, and even our understanding of ourselves? Award-winning journalist and writer Anil Ananthaswamy joins us for our latest episode to discuss his latest book Why Machines Learn: The Elegant Math Behind Modern AI . Anil helps us explore the journey and many breakthroughs that have propelled machine learning from simple perceptrons to the sophisticated algorithms shaping today’s AI revolution, powering GPT and other models. The discussion aims to demystify some of the underlying mathematical concepts that power modern machine learning, to help everyone grasp this technology impacting our lives–even if your last math class was in high school. Anil walks us through the power of scaling laws, the shift from training to inference optimization, and the debate among AI’s pioneers about the road to AGI—should we be concerned, or are we still missing key pieces of the puzzle? The conversation also delves into AI’s philosophical implications—could understanding how machines learn help us better understand ourselves? And what challenges remain before AI systems can truly operate with agency? If you enjoy this episode, please subscribe and leave us a review on your favorite podcast platform. Sign up for our newsletter at techsurgepodcast.com for exclusive insights and updates on upcoming TechSurge Live Summits. Links: Read Why Machines Learn, Anil’s latest book on the math behind AI https://www.amazon.com/Why-Machines-Learn-Elegant-Behind/dp/0593185749 Learn more about Anil Ananthaswamy’s work and writing https://anilananthaswamy.com/ Watch Anil Ananthaswamy’s TED Talk on AI and intelligence https://www.ted.com/speakers/anil_ananthaswamy Discover the MIT Knight Science Journalism Fellowship that shaped Anil’s AI research https://ksj.mit.edu/ Understand the Perceptron, the foundation of neural networks https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptron Read about the Perceptron Convergence Theorem and its significance https://www.nature.com/articles/323533a0…

8 lat temu 13:02

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This video tutorial talks about using the random() and randomSeed() functions with Arduino. It is pretty straight forward, but there are some intricacies worth noting.

Creating truly random numbers in Arduino is harder than you might think. The closest we can get in Arduino, and just about anywhere else, is using pseudo random numbers. That is, numbers that mimic randomness, but in fact do have a pattern if Want to fast-track your Arduino skills?

Click here to join our 12-part HD Video Course.

Why are Random Numbers with Arduino All the Same?

The most important thing to understand when using the random() function with Arduino is that it will generate the exact same list of pseudo random numbers every time.

So if you build a slot machine, and the first crank of the handle is a winner, then you can be sure that if you reset the Arduino board and pull the handle again - it will still be a winner the first time.

The easy way to overcome this is using the randomSeed() function.

This function takes a value (an integer for example), and uses the number to alter the random list generated by the random() function. The number you pass to the randomSeed() function is called a 'seed'.

You might put randomSeed() in the setup, and then use the random() function in the loop. Something like this:

//this variable will hold a random number generated by the random() function long randomNumber; //Set up - this is where you get things "set-up". It will only run once void setup() { //setup serial communications through the USB Serial.begin(9600); //Let's make it more random randomSeed(42); }//close setup void loop() { //generate a random number randomNumber = random(2,5); //display the random number on the serial monitor Serial.print("The Random Number is = "); Serial.println(randomNumber); }

But there is still an issue - even though the sequence of random numbers is different when using the randomSeed() function - it will still be the same every time the sketch is run. It is just a different list of pseudo random numbers!

One Solution to the Random Problem

So, what to do? Lucky for us the Arduino reference has a great solution. Use the analogRead() function to read a value from an unused analog pin. Since an unused pin that has no reference voltage attached to it is basically 'floating', it will return a "noise" value. This noise value can seed the randomSeed() function to produce differing sequences of random numbers every time the sketch is run.

Below is the sketch from the video using analogRead() and randomSeed() in unison:

/*How to use the random() and randomSeed() function YOU WILL NEED: (3) LEDs (3) 220OHM resistors (1) Jumper Wire (4) Hot cakes CIRCUIT: Connect a resitor to pin 2 and then to a breadboard. Connect the long leg of an LED to the resitor and the short leg to one of the ground rails on the breadboard Repeat this for the other components at pin 3 and 4 Coonect the ground on the breadboard to one of the Arduino GND pins. Created JUL 2014 by Michael James https://programmingelectronics.com/thearduinocourse */ //Declare and initialize LED pin variables int LED_1 = 2; int LED_2 = 3; int LED_3 = 4; //this variable will hold a random number generated by the random() function long randomNumber; //Set up - this is where you get things "set-up". It will only run once void setup() { //setup serial communications through the USB Serial.begin(9600); //Let's print a start messgae to the serial monitor when a new sequence of random numbers starts Serial.println("Starting new Random Number Sequence"); //set the LED pins as outputs pinMode(LED_1, OUTPUT); pinMode(LED_2, OUTPUT); pinMode(LED_3, OUTPUT); //Let's make it more random randomSeed(analogRead(A0)); }//close setup //The loop() runs over and over again void loop() { //generate a random number randomNumber = random(2,5); //display the random number on the serial monitor Serial.print("The Random Number is = "); Serial.println(randomNumber);

Well, hopefully that was random enough for you! If you enjoy this tutorial, I highly recommend checking out our free Arduino Crash Course (You can sign up below).

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#Tech #Programming Electronics Academy #Video #Higher Education #Podcasting Education

Using Random Numbers with Arduino

Learn Programming and Electronics with Arduino

171 subscribers

published 8 lat temu

Udostępnij

MP4•Źródło odcinka

This video tutorial talks about using the random() and randomSeed() functions with Arduino. It is pretty straight forward, but there are some intricacies worth noting.

Click here to join our 12-part HD Video Course.

Why are Random Numbers with Arduino All the Same?

The most important thing to understand when using the random() function with Arduino is that it will generate the exact same list of pseudo random numbers every time.

The easy way to overcome this is using the randomSeed() function.

You might put randomSeed() in the setup, and then use the random() function in the loop. Something like this:

One Solution to the Random Problem

Below is the sketch from the video using analogRead() and randomSeed() in unison:

Well, hopefully that was random enough for you! If you enjoy this tutorial, I highly recommend checking out our free Arduino Crash Course (You can sign up below).

61 odcinków

#Tech #Programming Electronics Academy #Video #Higher Education #Podcasting Education

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Use Serial.print() to Display Arduino output on your computer monitor: Part 1 8:36

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In many cases while using an Arduino, you will want to see the data being generated by the Arduino. One common method of doing this is using the Serial.print() function from the Serial library to display information to your computer’s monitor. In this week’s episode, we will talk about the intricacies of the Serial.print() function. This is the first part, of a two part series on the Serial.print() function. Here are the specific topics we will cover in this lesson: Why would you want to use the Serial.print() function? A brief overview of the Serial library The basic use of the Serial.print() function Like this video? Sign up for our FREE Arduino Crash Course to get more videos that don't assume you have a PhD. Why Would You Want to Use the Serial.print() Function? You may know that a function is a programming tool - it performs a specific task for you. The Serial.print() function’s task is to send information from your Arduino to your computer, so you can see the value displayed on your computer’s monitor. There are an endless number of reasons you may want to send information from the Arduino to a computer display, but two reasons really stand out to me: The first reason is being able to see information that you are generating with your Arduino. For example, if you have a temperature sensor hooked up to your Arduino and you want to see the value that the temperature sensor is recording, then you can use the Serial.print() function to send the data to a computer monitor via the USB cable. If you open up the serial monitor window (Tools > Serial Monitor), you will see the values streaming in from the Arduino. The other big reason to send information to a computer display using the Serial.print() function is for developing and debugging Arduino sketches. Very often, when you are developing an Arduino sketch, what you end up coding does something differently than what you expected it to do. Maybe you have a variable that gets incremented every so often and blinks an LED when it reaches a threshold. When you upload the code to the Arduino, you notice that the LED is blinking more often than it should. You can look at the code until your eyes bleed, but actually visualizing the variable being incremented [via the Serial.print() function], to see its values every time through the loop() can help explain what is happening very quickly. A Brief Overview of the Serial Library We can’t talk about the Serial.print() function, without briefly talking about the Serial library. Generally speaking, a library is simply a collection of functions that all have something in common. The print() function is part of a library called the Serial library. Now, it's not cereal like Cheerios or Captain Crunch we're talking about - it's serial as in “one after another”. The serial library allows us to interface the Arduino with other hardware, like a computer. In order for us to use the functions of the Serial library, we have to initiate serial communication - to do this we use the Serial.begin() function. Serial.begin() needs to go in the setup(). void setup() { //Initiate Serial communication. Serial.begin(9600); } Now for reasons beyond the scope of this discussion, it is convenient to use the number 9600 in the Serial.begin() function. The value 9600 specifies the baud rate. The baud rate is the rate at which information will pass from the Arduino to the computer, or in the other direction. The Basic Use of the Serial.print() Function Let's talk about how to use the Serial.print() function. Say we have a sketch. This sketch has a variable called coolFactor . I want to be able to monitor the value of the coolFactor variable – that is, I want it displayed on my computer screen. A perfect use for the Serial.print() function! The first thing we must do in the Arduino sketch is begin serial communications. Like we just said, we use the Serial.begin() function and place it within the setup() of the sketch. //A variable to hold the level of coolness int coolFactor = 3; void setup() { Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { //Send the value of coolFactor to the the Serial port. //So we can see it in the serial monitor window Serial.print(coolFactor); } Now in the loop(), if I want to display coolFactor ’s value with print(), I simply type Serial.print() and in the parenthesis I type the variable name. If we upload this sketch to the Arduino, the value of coolFactor will be sent to the serial port every time through the loop(). In the Arduino IDE, if you open up the serial monitor window [Tools > Serial Monitor], you will see the values streaming down. In next week’s episode, we’ll talk about some more intricacies of the Serial.print() function. If you enjoyed this lesson, I welcome you to join 1000's of students who have enjoyed our free Arduino Crash Course - it's a 19 part video training series on using Arduino (You can sign up below).…

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How to make a secret knock detector to trigger anything with only an Arduino and a few cheap components 12:57

8 years temu12:57

12:57

There are a couple good use-case scenarios for making a secret knock detector using an Arduino. You are a spy who needs to authenticate your cohorts You are a super hero who wants a secret knock to open the entrance to your lair Whatever the reason - by the end of this tutorial you will know how to use an Arduino, a piezo transducer and a couple other cheap components to make secret knock detector. Here is an overview of exactly what we will talk about in this lesson: The components you will need and how to set up this simple circuit. 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As an additional level of protection, you might consider adding a 5.1V zener diode between the leads to protect against high voltage spikes from frying your input pin - you might call it a cheap insurance policy. An Overview of this Secret Knock Detectors operation Here is the basic concept of how this will work. We want something to happen when you tap out a secret code. We will create a sequence of soft and hard taps - this will be our secret code which will be represented as 0’s and 1’s in an array . For example: secretKnock[secretKnockLength] = {0, 0, 1, 0}; The code above represents a secret code of soft , soft , hard, soft . The piezo transducer will turn the mechanical pressure created by the tap into a signal that the Arduino analog pin can read . The level of the signal will determine whether a tap gets characterized as soft or hard. 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Here is the code for your hacking enjoyment: /* A simple sketch to detect a secret knock using a piezo transducer Created JUL 2015 by Michael James http://www.programmingelectronics.com/ This code is in the public domain */ const int outputPin = 6; // led indicator connected to digital pin const int knockSensor = A0; // the piezo is connected to an analog pin const int thresholdHIGH = 150; // threshold value to decide when the detected knock is hard (HIGH) const int thresholdLOW = 120; // threshold value to decide when the detected knock is gentle (LOW) const int secretKnockLength = 4; //How many knocks are in your secret knock /* This is the secret knock sequence * 0 represents a LOW or quiet knock * 1 represents a HIGH or loud knock * The sequence can be as long as you like, but longer codes increase the difficulty of matching */ const int secretKnock[secretKnockLength] = {0, 0, 1, 0}; int secretCounter = 0; //this tracks the correct knocks and allows you to move through the sequence int sensorReading = 0; // variable to store the value read from the sensor pin void setup() { //Set the output pin as an OUTPUT pinMode(outputPin, OUTPUT); //Begin Serial Communication. Serial.begin(9600); } void loop() { // read the piezo sensor and store the value in the variable sensorReading: sensorReading = analogRead(knockSensor); // First determine is knock if Hard (HIGH) or Gentle (LOW) //Hard knock (HIGH) is detected if (sensorReading >= thresholdHIGH) { //Check to see if a Hard Knock matches the Secret Knock in the correct sequence. if (secretKnock[secretCounter] == 1) { //The Knock was correct, iterate the counter. secretCounter++; Serial.println("Correct"); } else { //The Knock was incorrect, reset the counter secretCounter = 0; Serial.println("Fail - You are a spy!"); }//close if //Allow some time to pass before sampling again to ensure a clear signal. delay(100); //Gentle knock (LOW) is detected } else if (sensorReading >= thresholdLOW) { //Check to see if a Gentle Knock matches the Secret Knock in the correct sequence. if (secretKnock[secretCounter] == 0) { //The Knock was correct, iterate the counter. secretCounter++; Serial.println("Correct"); } else { //The Knock was incorrect, reset the counter. secretCounter = 0; Serial.println("Fail - You are a spy!"); }//close if //Allow some time to pass before sampling again to ensure a clear signal. delay(100); }//close if else //Check for successful entry of the code, by seeing if the entire array has been walked through. if (secretCounter == (secretKnockLength) ) { Serial.println("Welcome in fellow Illuminante!"); //if the sececret knock is correct, illuminate the LED for a couple seconds digitalWrite(outputPin, HIGH); delay(2000); digitalWrite(outputPin, LOW); //Reset the secret counter to 0. secretCounter = 0; }//close success check }//close loop If you enjoyed this lesson, you should join our free Arduino Crash Course - it has 19 Video Training lessons all about using Arduino (you can sign up below).…

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Arduino Pseudo Random Non-Consecutive Number Generator 11:13

8 years temu11:13

11:13

In this video we demonstrate how to create pseudo random numbers with Arduino - with a useful twist. This lesson was inspired by the following viewer question: How do I create Random Non-Consecutive numbers with Arduino? P.S. These are the best tutorials that a complete idiot like you could ever make, thanks. -Chris Let's overview exactly what we will talk about in today's episode: Talk about pseudo random numbers. Identify the problem - using an Arduino sketch to demonstrate. Discuss how we might solve the problem. Write an Arduino sketch that solves the problem. Review what we talked about. Before we answer the viewer’s question it is important to talk about what a pseudo random number is. A purely random number in the mathematical sense can't be predicted. The microcontroller that the Arduino uses (and for that case, most computers in general) can't really create pure random numbers. What they create instead are called pseudo random numbers . These are numbers that appear to be randomly generated, but if studied over time a predictable pattern emerges. The bottom line is that the random numbers we create with Arduino can be predicted. Now there are clever ways to create pseudo random numbers that act like the real deal – you can learn about one method in our video tutorial talking all about random numbers – but for this discussion, let’s return to our viewers inquiry. Identify the Viewer’s Problem - use an Arduino sketch to demonstrate. Ok, so let's go back to the viewers question, he wants to generate random numbers, but he never wants the same number generated two times in a row. Let's write an Arduino Sketch to make this clear. //This sketch outputs pseudo random integers. //A variable to hold pseudo random integers. int randomInt = 0; void setup() { //Initiate serial communication. Serial.begin(9600); }//Close setup function void loop() { //Create a random number and assign it to the randomInt variable. randomInt = random(0, 10); //Send randomInt to the serial port for displaying on the serial monitor window. Serial.print(randomInt); }//Close loop function. In the first block of code a variable that will hold the pseudo random integers is declared and initialized. //A variable to hold pseudo random integers. int randomInt = 0; In the setup() function we begin serial communication in order to display the numbers we generate on a computer display. void setup() { //Initiate serial communication. Serial.begin(9600); }//Close setup function In the loop() we create the random number with the Arduino random() function and assign the output to the variable we had just created. The random() function can take two arguments 1) the minimum value of the number we want generated 2) the maximum value we want generated. //Create a random number and assign it to the randomInt variable. randomInt = random(0, 10); I will use 0 for the minimum, and 10 for the maximum. Every time through the loop, a new random number will be assigned the randomInt variable. Finally, the value of randomInt is sent over the serial port to be displayed in the serial monitor window. //Send randomInt to the serial port for displaying on the serial monitor window. Serial.print(randomInt); If you upload this code and open the serial monitor you will see in some cases where the same number shows up two times in a row. This is the problem. The viewer doesn't ever want the same number two times in a row. Discuss how we might solve the problem. So let's talk about how we might solve this problem. We know we need to generate a random number. What if we create a variable to track the previous random number? Then we could use a condition that says something like "If the previous random number is equal to the random number that was just generated, toss that number out the window, and create a different one.” The final thing we would need to do is set the previous random number equal to the new random number, that way we keep updating our previous random number every time through the loop(). Let’s Implement our solution in an Arduino Sketch. Copy and paste this code into your Arduino IDE. All you need is an Arduino board attached to your computer to make it work. //This sketch outputs pseudo random non-consecutive integers. //A variable to hold pseudo random non-consecutive integers. int randomInt = 0; //A variable to hold the previously assigned pseudo random non-consecutive integers. int previousRandomInt = 0; void setup() { //Initiate serial communication. Serial.begin(9600); }//Close setup function void loop() { //Create a random number and assign it to the randomInt variable. randomInt = random(0, 10); /*Check if the random number is the same as the previous random number. If it is, then reassign a new random number until it is different from the previously set one.*/ while (randomInt == previousRandomInt) { //Create a random number and assign it to the randomInt variable. randomInt = random(0, 10); //When a consecutive random number has been identified, indicate it. Serial.println(); }//close while statement //Set previousRandomInt equal to the current randomInt. previousRandomInt = randomInt; //Send randomInt to the serial port for displaying on the serial monitor window. Serial.print(randomInt); }//Close loop function. If you upload this code to your Arduino and open the serial monitor window you will see the numbers scrolling across the serial monitor window, but now you will not witness any duplicates side-by-side. You may notice some X’s intermittently between the numbers, this is where the Arduino sketch identified a duplicate random number and generated a replacement. If you look through the code, you will see this is accomplished with a While Statement . I hope you can find some application for this simple process of creating a pseudo random non-consecutive number with Arduino. Let me know what you think the comments!…

1
A Review of Make: Magazine 8:55

8 years temu8:55

8:55

I don’t subscribe to many magazines, but I love my subscription to Make: magazine. And even though I rarely have time to sit down and enjoy a magazine in peace and quiet (parents forget what peace and quiet means), I still manage to get through my Make: magazine cover to cover. I like it that much! This video is a short review of why I enjoy Make: magazine, and why I think you would enjoy it too. Here are some highlights: 1. Make: Magazine is published every 2 months. 2. Filled with detailed step-by-step projects 3. Has interesting editorial articles about technology 4. Covers a lot of hobby electronics topics (like Arduino) 5. Has sections dedicated to skill building Total Honesty: Nobody paid me to make this review of Make: magazine. I made this video because I personally enjoy the content and rigor and think you might like it too. That being said - if you are interested in subscribing to Make: magazine I would love for you to use the link below if you so choose: Click Here to Check Out Make: Magazine The above is an affiliate link. At no additional cost to you, I get a kick back from subscriptions that originate from the link. This cash allows me to furnish my mansion in downtown Manhattan, make necessary repairs to my yachts, and fuel the Lamborghini for joy rides. Do you subscribe to Make: magazine? I would love to hear your thoughts in the comments.…

1
Understanding the Arduino Sketchbook: Opening and Saving Arduino Sketches 9:41

8 years temu9:41

9:41

Understanding how the Arduino IDE sets up its file directory system can spare you some confusion when it comes to saving, organizing and opening your Arduino sketches (or sketches you have downloaded from the internet). This week’s episode covers the following: The Arduino Sketchbook folder How to change the default location where your Arduino sketches get saved What happens when an Arduino file does not have an enclosing sketch folder of the same name Where and how multiple tabs get saved in an Arduino sketch Why the pancreas of a woodchuck is better suited than our own Want to fast-track your Arduino skills? Click here to join our 12-part HD Video Course. You are probably familiar with a file directory system on a computer. It's usually represented as a hierarchy of folders and files. An example would be your C Drive - inside the C drive, you may have a folder for Applications, Users, and Systems files. Inside the Users folder, you might have subfolders for Documents, Downloads, Music, etc. All the files on the computer get organized in this fashion, and Arduino sketches are no exception. The Arduino Sketchbook Folder and Changing the Default Save Location The default location where Arduino sketches you write will be saved is called the Sketchbook. The Sketchbook is simply a folder on your computer like any other. It acts as a handy repository for sketches and is also where add-on code libraries get saved. You can see the sketches in the Sketchbook folder by going to File > Sketchbook. The default name of the Sketchbook folder is “Arduino” and the default location of the Sketchbook folder is in the “My Documents” folder (or just “Documents” for Mac users). If your Sketchbook does not appear to be in this default location, you can see exactly where it is by opening the Arduino IDE and going to Arduino > Preferences. The default file path for your sketches is listed at the top of Arduino Preferences window. Mine is: /Users/michaelJames/Documents/Arduino When I save a file in the Arduino IDE, this “Arduino” folder is the default location where the sketch will be saved, unless I choose to change that location by selecting a different folder on my computer's directory. If you want to change this default location, you click the Browse button next to the file directory path and choose a different place. Pretty simple. Sketch Folders If you go into your file directory system and open up the Sketchbook folder (again, named “Arduino” by default), you may see a bunch of folders that you didn’t make. This is because every Arduino file must be inside a folder that has the same name as the file (there are some exceptions to this that we'll talk about in a moment). Let me say that one more time because it is really important to understand. Every Arduino file must be inside a folder that has the same name as the file When I write a new sketch and save it, the Arduino IDE automatically creates a new folder that has the exact same name as the sketch itself. The Arduino file (which has the extension .ino) is placed inside this enclosing folder, which is called a sketch folder. If you go into the Sketchbook folder and change the name of the enclosing folder, it will create some issues. The first issue is that when you go to File > Sketchbook, the sketch will no longer show up! If you want to open this sketch you need to go to the .ino file in your directory and open it from there. If you open a .ino file that is not inside an enclosing sketch folder of the exact same name, then you will get a pop-up from the Arduino IDE that says: “The file “sketch_name.ino” needs to be inside a sketch folder named “sketch_name”. Create this folder, move the file, and continue?” If you choose Cancel, the sketch will not open. If you choose OK, then a folder gets created (it will have the same name as the sketch) and the .ino file is placed inside it. This sketch folder will be created in whatever directory the .ino file was that you tried to open. For example, if you tried to open a .ino file that was in your My Downloads folder, then the enclosing sketch folder also will be created inside the My Downloads folder. Saving Tabs in Arduino The exception to the rule about the sketch folder having the same name as the .ino file is when you create multiple tabs in an Arduino sketch. The additional tabs do NOT need to bear the same name as the enclosing sketch folder. Once you get a handle on some of these intricacies of the Arduino IDE file system, it can really help to clear things up. Please take a moment to leave a comment if you have any insights or thoughts about this tutorial. I would love to hear them!…

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8 years temu5:04

5:04

In this video we talk about an Arduino shield designed to teach you about shift registers, I2C, SPI, temperature sensors, real time clocks, analog to digital convertors and flash memory chips - all this on one awesome Arduino shield! Electronics Concepts can be Intimidating Like any industry or hobby, electronics has its fare share of acronyms. A couple of the more common ones you might have come across are SPI, I2C, ADC, RTC and YOMAMA. All these acronyms can be intimidating. It’s like this giant lion staring you down. You can spend a lot of time reading about each of these concepts, buying a bunch of different parts and working up breadboards - this is a great way to learn – it’s kind of the common path many hobbyist and professionals have taken alike. But if you want to grab the lion by the throat - I would like to introduce you to my new favorite Arduino shield. The Rheingold Heavy Education Shield . It's an Arduino shield designed to teach you about the ins and outs of all these really common electronics concepts (like I2C and SPI) and applying that understanding to hardware (like analog to digital convertors and Flash RAM). It’s not just the shield that makes this an education board, it’s all of the really thorough documentation and tutorials that accompany the hardware on the Rheingold Heavy website. Have Fun Learning Electronics If you are going to learn electronics, you might as well have fun doing it. That's one great thing about the Rheingold Heavy tutorials - they are fun - the author has a great sense of humor and keeps things real. He does a great job at demystifying electronics concepts that on the outside seem extremely complex, but dissected piece by piece can be made elementary. I would say my favorite part about the tutorials is the depth and detail they cover. I think this line from one of the introductory tutorials captures the style of the author… ...I don’t like “just making it work” — I want to know why it works the way it does. Hardware and Education Unite The real magic happens when you have the Education Shield and start working through the tutorials. The lessons on the Rheingold Heavy website are all designed step-by-step to walk you through understanding in detail the hardware on the shield. The lessons are a good length, focus on just a couple concepts at a time and get into the nuts and bolts. The Rheingold Heavy Education Shield itself is jam packed with components. It's got a shift register hooked up to 8 surface mount LEDs for learning about shift registers, a real time clock, a temperature sensor, a 10 bit analog to digital convertor, and 8Mbytes of Flash RAM. All this hardware you learn to use with either I2C protocol or SPI! It’s like an electronics learning laboratory on a single Arduino shield . If you already have a handle on some of these concepts, and you don’t think you need the whole shield, you can purchase breakout boards for each separate component and all the documentation on the website works equally well for those. I know I’ve said it once, but it deserves saying again - the tutorials are written in a fun and relaxing tone - with tons of diagrams, questions along the way to make sure you’re on track and Arduino code to help experiment with the shield and concepts. History of the Rheingold Heavy Education Shield The brainchild of this education shield is Dan Hienzsch. In 2014 he ran a successful Kickstarter campaign that brought these shields to fruition. After successfully fulfilling all his Kickstarter backers (and on time!) he has set up shop and is now churning out these education shields all over the world. My Unabashed Endorsement I am just little biased towards this education shield - I know Dan - he's a great guy and very passionate about what he does. After buying the shield and the breakout boards and working through the tutorials on the website I have learned a ton! The best part is how much fun it has been to work through the material. I love learning and if I can have a single “aha!” kind of moment everyday, then I sleep at night pretty good. My experience with the Rheingold Heavy Education Shield has brought me these moments left after right. Needless to say I highly recommend this Arduino shield to any body who wants to get a solid and detailed grasp of concepts like SPI and I2C, or about using real time clocks, analog to digital convertors, temperature sensors, shift sensor and a whole lot more. With all this education packed into Rheingold Heavy Education Shield , backed-up with really enjoyable tutorials, you can't go wrong.…

1
The Process and Tools I use for Creating Arduino Tutorials 8:10

8 years temu8:10

8:10

This week's Episode is what I am calling an intermission, which is basically me taking a break from hardcore Arduino tutorial making, and present a less technical topic. In this intermission video, I walk through the process I use when creating Arduino tutorials and some of the software that helps me do it. Here is a list of software I use when creating Arduino tutorials: Full Disclosure: Some of these are affiliate links that help me afford gold toilets on my private island. Brainstorming/ Mindmapping software (mac): MindNode Simple Text Editor (mac): TextMate Screen Capture software: Camtasia for Mac Audio Editing: Audacity Circuit Design: Fritzing More Robust Text Editor: Microsoft Word for Mac If you want to check out some of our best Arduino tutorials, sign up for our free Arduino Crash Course below.…

1
Using the Same Input to Trigger Multiple Arduinos 9:41

8 years temu9:41

9:41

If you ever have a project using two or more Arduinos, it's likely you'll want them to work together. Say for example you have one Arduino connected to an LCD shield, and another Arduino controlling an LED matrix. You want both to do something when you press a single button - how can this be done? It turns out to be extremely easy. This video will describe in detail how to trigger multiple Arduinos with a single input. CODE: /* Button Turns on and off a light emitting diode(LED) connected to digital pin 13, when pressing a pushbutton attached to pin 2. The circuit: * LED attached from pin 13 to ground * pushbutton attached to GND through pin 2 on two (or more) Arduino's * Note: on most Arduinos there is already an LED on the board attached to pin 13. created 2005 by DojoDave modified 30 Aug 2011 by Tom Igoe Modified 16 APR 2015 by Michael James https://programmingelectronics.com/using-the-same-input-to-trigger-multiple-arduinos/ This example code is in the public domain. http://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/Button */ // constants won't change. They're used here to // set pin numbers: const int buttonPin = 2; // the number of the pushbutton pin const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin // variables will change: int buttonState = 0; // variable for reading the pushbutton status void setup() { // initialize the LED pin as an output: pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // initialize the pushbutton pin as an input: pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT_PULLUP); } void loop() { // read the state of the pushbutton value: buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin); // check if the pushbutton is pressed. // if it is, the buttonState is HIGH: if (buttonState == LOW) { // turn LED on: digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); } else { // turn LED off: digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); } } Breadboard Layout: Downloads: Schematic Fritzing File.fzz If you like this tutorial, check out some of out very best by signing up for our free Arduino Crash Course below.…

1
6 Tips on Assembling an Arduino Shield (Or any Electronics Kit) 8:15

8 years temu8:15

8:15

In this video we will be talking about some key points to keep in mind when assembling an Arduino shield from a kit. Many of these tips will apply equally well to any type of electronics kit you are assembling. So you just bought an awesome Arduino shield - it's going fly you to the moon and back, but before you start using it you have to do some basic assembly. Here are six tips to help you get the assembly done right the first time. Read the Directions: The first advice is painfully obviously, but still worth mentioning - read the directions! When all you have to do is solder on some pin headers and a couple LEDs, it's tempting to ignore the need for directions and just go at. You’re a genius right - who needs directions? As J.R.R. Tolkien said... "Shortcuts make for long delays". Even on simple assemblies it pays to take the time to read through the directions. Most companies keep the directions online – they are really only a search away. I'm telling you it’s worth it! Consider Where you Will be Assembling the Board: You may not have a dedicated space for your electronics addiction. There have been many times when I find myself soldering stuff on my kitchen table. If you don’t have a dedicated space, a couple things you will want to consider are: • Having good lighting, so you can see what you are up to • Access to a wall outlet for your soldering iron – you want the cord to have some maneuver room • A floor without shag carpet, as they tend to be repositories for small electronics parts (the smallest parts are always the first to fall) You can’t always have the best spot, but you can make the best of what you have available. Get Your Tools Together Good instruction manuals will let you know what tools you need for the job. Generally speaking, the essential tools are: • soldering iron • solder • wire cutters Some other tools that are not necessary but make life way easier are: • Needle nose: pliers for grabbing tiny parts • Helping hand: these help not only holding parts when soldering, but also provide the magnifying glass which is good for checking solder joints • Solder wick for undoing your mistakes • A pair of safety glasses is also a good idea. You might be thinking – ah, heck with safety glasses… It's easy to write them off when assembling boards. What I have done is get a pair that is comfortable and that I keep clean - this makes using them less a hassle. It’s a small precaution to take from getting a piece of tiny sharp metal in your eye. Inventory All the Parts For whatever reason, inventorying all the parts always seemed like a waste of time to me, but now it is something I make sure to do. Two big reasons I do this. Many of the boards I get are from Kickstarter campaigns, so the people manufacturing these might be kind of new at the gig, and with all the stuff they have going on, it's very possible they missed a part in the package. Another reason I like to do the inventory is so I know if I have extras. If I have pieces left over when I finish, then I am usually wondering if I did the assembly correct or not. If you do the inventory, then you can be confident that you assembled it right. I also separate the components into different jars, or bowls. This helps me quickly find components when I am assembling the shield and prevents the pieces from ending up lost in the carpet. Check Twice Solder Once I like solder wick as much as the next guy, but I would prefer not use it. It is really worth your time to double check part locations before you start soldering. I learned my lesson when I soldered a 24 pin connecter on the wrong side on a board. Now I always check a diagram or the directions at least twice before pulling out the solder. After I solder, I also make it a point to look over the solder joints. I am amazed at how much my soldering joints can stink, even when I feel like I had done a great job (this is when a helping hand or magnifying glass is good to have). Use an Arduino Board to Help Align the Pin Headers. One thing all Arduino Shields have in common are pin headers. These are the metal rows of pins that go on the bottom of the shield and plug into the Arduino stackable headers . If you don’t get the pin headers aligned correctly then your shield may not fit well, or may not fit at all on top of the Arduino. One trick to get the alignment right is to use an Arduino to hold the pin headers in the correct position when you solder them to the bottom of the shield. To do this, simply insert the headers how they would go into the Arduino, place the shield on top, and then do your soldering. It works like a charm. Troubleshooting the Assembly Now that your Arduino shield is fully assembled, it’s time to get that puppy running. Hopefully the shield came with some type of test sketch that you can load and it verifies that everything is up and running correctly. If not, try to find some code that you know works and load it onto the Arduino. If you start with code that you can verify works (or at least works for others), it can be easier to troubleshoot any issues you might encounter. I know how demoralizing it can be to load your first sketch and getting nothing better errors when you press the verify button. Here is a tidbit of moral support - there is a learning curve to everything - no matter how easy it is “supposed” to be. In fact, some of my favorite shields took me a while to understand how to use. So try not to get frustrated if your sketch isn’t working instantly. In the end, a little bit of determination goes a long way. Do you have any tips for building Arduino shields or electronics kits in general? I would love to hear about them in the comments.…

1
A YouTube Channel for Learning about Arduino 5:34

8 years temu5:34

5:34

In this episode I talk about the video channel that I host on YouTube. If you have watched any previous episodes of this channel then you know I focus on Arduino related topics. The purpose of the channel is to help people learn about using Arduino. Specifically, the target audience is electronics hobbyists who are interested in learning to use Arduino. That being said, I try to make the videos from the perspective of a beginner so if you don't know jack about electronics or programming, then the show should still be a great place for you to learn.Every Tuesday I will be releasing a new episode. Every fourth video will be something like the video shown above. The reason I am doing this is because it gives me a little bit of a break in video production, which is extremely time consuming. I am calling these types of videos "Intermissions" which is all I could come up with. So this is the first intermission video (and post). A Little Bit About Myself: I am an electronics hobbyist - I've be messing around with hobby electronics for a about a decade, and I have been learning about Arduino for a big part of that time. I don't have any formal training in electronics so the perspective you get from me might be a lot like you, someone who has tried really hard to learn about electronics with as much spare time as I could find between work, family, and the curve balls of life. I do have some formal training in programming (though not much). I took a C++ course in college and used Matlab for some research I was doing at the university. What type of topics can you expect to watch on this video channel? Like I said before this channel is focused on Arduino - but there so many applications for Arduino it gives me a bunch of latitude for all types of stuff. There will be a ton of “how to” tutorials. Not about cutting and pasting the code – they’ll be about understanding how to make your own code. I'll talk about Arduino derivatives, shields and cool hardware and sensors you can use. I am really interested in science, so I plan to start doing some videos on using Arduino to enable Citizen Science. I might start with some data logging ideas. Student Projects: On a quick aside, what I do for a living is run an online course that uses a very structured curriculum to teach electronics hobbyists how to use Arduino. The Arduino Course is designed so you don’t need any electronics background to work through it, but I find most of my students do have some electronics experience to begin with. The reason I bring this up is because many of the students submit projects they are working on and I plan to use these “intermission” videos to show off some of the stuff they have done. For example, James (a really quick study) who took the course has been making all types of cool Laser tag accessories using Arduino . Which is pretty awesome - and very impressive. Projects I am Working on: I will also use these “intermission” videos to talk about some of the projects I am working on. Lately, I have been thinking about a little robot that can draw. I only really work on it when my kids are around, so the progress is painfully slow. What I would really like is to get the robot to draw sketches of people. No idea if I will ever make it to that point (or how the heck I am going to pull it off), but it's my pet project that I have been working on. So that’s it for this first intermission post (and video). I will see you in the next show, where we will be talking more things to consider when assembling Arduino Shields from kits. Until then! If you are interested in learning how to use Arduino, sign up for our free Arduino Crash Course below.…

1
What is a Breakout Board for Arduino? 8:21

8 years temu8:21

8:21

If you have been learning about Arduino for any amount of time, than you have probably come across the term Breakout Board. Now, you might think, as I did when I first heard about breakout boards, that they were some fixture for practicing your Kung Fu fighting. In this lesson, we will discuss what breakout boards are, how they can accelerate your Arduino prototyping and some things to look out for when you buy them. Want to step-up your Arduino skills? Click here to join our 12-part HD Video Course. Basic Concept of a Breakout Board The basic concept of a breakout board is that is takes a single electrical component and makes it easy to use. Usually the electrical component is an integrated circuit (IC). Integrated circuits, as you may know, have pins on them. The pins on an IC can do a multitude of things, but you usually have pins for supply power, pins for providing a ground, pins for receiving an input and pins for sending an output. A breakout board "breaks out" these pins onto a printed circuit board that has its own pins that are spaced perfectly for a solderless breadboard, giving you easy access to use the integrated circuit. There are all type of breakout boards - but most of them are for different types of sensors, for example: accelerometers, ultrasonic distance sensors, RFID tag sensors, temperature sensors, pressure sensors, and they even have seismic breakout boards for sensing dinosaurs' footsteps! Breakout Board vs Arduino Shield: What's the difference? You might be wondering what the difference is between a breakout board and an Arduino shield, and that is a good question. Breakout boards usually have a smaller form factor - they don't need the entire space of an Arduino shield to accomplish their mission. And while the market for most breakout boards is being driven because of their use with Arduino , since the pin-out of a breakout board is not designed specific to the Arduino headers, it means you could use a breakout board with any other microcontroller development board you want - which gives them a bit more scope than Arduino shields. Also, since breakout boards generally have fewer components than a shield does, you may find the cost is lower than a comparable Arduino shield. As you may have guessed by now, you can find a breakout board that does essentially the same thing as a shield. You might be wondering, if breakout boards are only a few components, why not just buy the integrated circuit the breakout board uses, put it on a solderless breadboard yourself, and t hen hook them up to your Arduino ? That is great question, and there is nothing saying you can't – plenty of people do - especially since the components by themselves are often far cheaper to buy alone from an electronics distributor, like digikey or mouser. So, why the heck are people buying all these breakout boards? It essentially comes down to convenience. Let me list the ways a breakout board can help you out, and then you make the call: Breakout boards can save you space We have already said that breakout boards use integrated circuits. Integrated circuits are kind of like t-shirts - you can get them in all different sizes. Usually breakout boards utilize a tiny version of an integrated circuit called an SMD (surface mounted device). The pins on SMD parts are really small - not something you can easily pop into a breadboard. The larger form factor of an integrated circuit, called a DIP (dual inline package) has bigger pins, which fit easily into a breadboard. The DIP package of an IC will be bigger than the SMD form factor. The point, I am getting to here, is that Breakout boards can sometimes save you space which may or may not be important for your project. Breakout Boards are designed for reuse Another thing about using DIP packages is that while the pins are bigger, they are not necessarily sturdy. If you plan to use a DIP component over and over, the usable life of the pins is only so long - the pins on a breakout board however, are heavy duty and designed for reuse. The DIP version on a component may not be available One other issue you may find is that the DIP version of an integrated circuit is not available - as electronics get smaller over time, the demand for larger components is drying up and manufacturers are moving away from even bothering with the DIP package, which ultimately brings you back to a breakout board. Pin labeling on a Breakout board One great feature of breakout boards is that they usually have the pin names of the integrated circuit labeled on the PCB. This makes hooking up the breakout board to your Arduino a cinch, especially when there are a ton of pins. Otherwise, you are looking at the black box of an IC and referencing the datasheet of the integrated circuit to try to figure out which pin is for what. So now that you know some of the benefits of a breakout board, let's talk about a couple things you might want to consider when you are buying them. Good documentation I said this about Arduino Shields in the last lesson , but I will say it again - good documentation is like water in the desert. The more you can get your hands on, the better. Let's face it - a lot of this electronics and programming stuff is not self evident - you need good instructions and reference material to make it work right. The test I usually use before buying a breakout board is to see what reference material I can find online for it. If nothing tangible exists, you might be spending way more time trying to get it up and running than you would prefer. Breakout boards are not necessarily interchangeable As you search for particular breakout boards, you may find that there is a super cheap version available. If you plan on using pre-existing code for a breakout board that references the more expensive version of the breakout board – i.e. maybe in the sketch comments it says, "use XYZ breakout board", one thing you will want to check is that the breakout boards use the same integrated circuit. If they don't use the same integrated circuit, and you don't know how to adjust the code for these differences, then you may find that the cheap version will cost you more time in trying to figure out how to use it. Soldering and header pins may be required Many breakout boards are sold as kits. Usually, the only things you have to solder are the header pins that allow the breakout board PCB to plug into a breadboard - this is really easy to do. It may also be the case that a kit maker just sells the breakout board with the SMD components, and you have to buy the pin headers separately. So those are a few things to keep in mind when buying a breakout boards. Using the correct supply voltage Finally, once you actually have your breakout board, make sure that you know what voltage supply pin it needs hooked up to. The Arduino has two voltage out pins, one at 3.3 volts and one at 5 volts. Many breakout boards use a supply voltage around 3.3 volts. Sometimes the supply voltage will be printed right on the PCB by the associated pin, but other times it will just say Vcc, so you will want to check the specs on the breakout board. If you are just getting started with breakout boards, a great place to look is in the Arduino IDE examples. Some pre-written sketches get you up and running quick with some common breakout boards. If you like the style of this lesson, I welcome you to join the free Arduino Crash Course - you can sign up below.…

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